November 05, 2002
Guns and crime in the Netherlands

Yesterday saw the publication of a report (PDF) by the Dutch Justice Department on guns and gun crime. (There's an English summary on page 173). It has been summarized in the newsmedia, with the key headlines being that it's easy for criminals to buy guns. For 250 euros you can get a basic gun. The most popular is the Browning Highpower while Glocks and Berettas are popular too. The more refined criminals pay 1500 euros for an honest-to-goodness Smith and Wesson. Machine guns start at 1900 euros, and hand grenades can be had for 7 euros a piece.

The total number of illegal firearms is estimated to be between 85,000 and 120,000 depending on various assumptions on circulation speed and extrapolations from the numbers of confiscated arms. It's also estimated that up to 20,000 firearms trade hands each year. Most weapons are single-use. The criminals get rid of the weapon once's it been fired. In some cases, they sell it on to clueless newbie criminals.

By European standards, it's easy to get a gun legally in the Netherlands. The requirements are that you have to have been a member of a shooting club for a year, be 18 years or older, prove that you can handle firearms safely, have enough shots to your name and you obviously can't have a criminal record. The actual procedure for buying a gun is arcane and requires approval from the shooting club and the police. You must keep the gun in a safe in your home (so it's no use for self-defense), you're only allowed to transport it to and from the shooting club, and the police will come inspect your home at least once a year to check on how you're storing the gun. There are about 80,000 people with a gun license in the Netherlands.

This report focuses almost exclusively on illegal gun ownership. It makes no mention of how many legal guns were used in committing crimes. The report does point out that going the legal route of obtaining a gun makes little sense for criminals, since it's long and cumbersome while they can get guns easily anyway in the illegal circuit. If there had been many legal guns used, I suspect it would have been mentioned.

The number of gun crimes has been relatively constant in the three years that the report covers (1998-2000). There have been 30 crimes with firearms committed per 100,000 inhabitants. There are huge regional variations. In Amsterdam the rate was 72 per 100,000 people, while in the rural provinces of Drenthe and Zeeland the rates were 14 and 13 respectively. The big cities have much higher crime rates than rural areas, so the higher incidence of gun crimes is no surprise.

How does this compare to America? The FBI's Uniform Crime Reports provide the answer. The UCR keeps track of gun use in three kinds of crime: murder, robbery and aggravated assault. There are 5.6 murders per 100,000 people in the US (page 19 of the linked PDF) with 63.4% involving firearms (table 2.9, page 23). Robberies run at 148.5 per 100,000 (p.32) with 42.0% involving guns (table 2.22, p.35). Aggravated assault occurs at a rate of 318.5 (p.36) with 18.3% gun use (table 2.24, p.38). This means that gun-related crime in the US runs at 124 per 100,000 people.

This is substantially higher than the 30 reported for the Netherlands, although the 72 rate in Amsterdam comes rather closer. But this is not the whole story. Does lower criminal gun ownership translate to lower crime rates overall? Looking at the FBI data in table 1 on page 64, the violent crime rate in the US was 504.4 per 100,000 inhabitants, while property crime ran at 3656.1 per 100,000 inhabitants. The Dutch Central Bureau for Statistics has crime numbers online, but not the crime rate. The table shows 101,143 violent crimes and 919,262 property crimes in 2001. With a population of 16,171,520 (September 2002), this works out as 625.4 violent crimes per 100,000 people and 5684.4 proprety crimes. Or, to put it differently, the violent crime rate in the Netherlands in 24% higher than in the US, and the property crime rate is 55% higher.

More guns, less crime. What a surprise.

Posted by qsi at November 05, 2002 08:45 PM | TrackBack (0)
Read More on Crime and Punishment , The Netherlands
Comments

Does the report say how Dutch crime figures compare in the European context?

Great blog by, the way.

Posted by: Ralf Goergens on November 6, 2002 10:11 AM

Thank you for your kind comment about the blog.

There was no information on the European context in this report. Even the wider crime statistics were not mentioned, but I wonder whether the Statistisches Bundesamt might not have something online. You would think that Eurostat would have the data aggregated on a European basis, but they don't, and you have to pay for access to most of their stats anyway. Very annoying.

Posted by: qsi on November 6, 2002 11:10 PM

Just one problem: Correlation does not necessarily equal causation. In the U.S., there are areas with low gun ownership and low crime (New England), high gun ownership and high crime (most of the South), and every permutation in between -- including, of course, high gun ownership and low crime, and vice-versa.

Besides, there are many other factors that might account for the disparity in crime rates. Among those often cited are: the welfare state (surely you don't disagree?), the huge number of unassimilated immigrants (ditto?), the tolerant attitudes toward drugs and prostitution -- not to mention simple population density, for as your own figures show, densely-populated urban areas have far more crime than rural ones.

Posted by: vaara on November 7, 2002 09:14 AM

vaara,

I do agree with much of what you say. The numbers I have presented certainly don't even come close to proving any causal link between the two, either way. There is a widespread perception here in Europe that America is an extremely violent place, and that this is due to in no small part to gun ownership.

The high crime rate here in the Netherlands is also partly due to pathetic law enforcement as the problems that you listed. However, the British experience with completely banning hand guns and the subsequent rapid rise in gun crime does point to the futility of trying to keep guns out of the hands of criminals. The high rate of gun ownership in Switzerland for instance has not resulted in high gun crime, although the type of military weapon the Swiss reservists keep in their homes is not something you'd be able to carry around.

On fundamental grounds, I think the right to own a gun for your own defense is a good and necessary thing, although it will never happen here in Europe. Moreover, even if it happened, I have a gut feeling that people would make much use of it. Europe lacks the strong distrust of authority that America has, and the culture is one of dependency on government and the state.

Posted by: qsi on November 7, 2002 09:46 PM

What nobody in the US wants to talk about for fear of being branded a racist is the rate of violent crimes and especially murder committed by blacks in particular, and minorities in general.

Murder is a "cultural thing". In the US, blacks make up 15% of the population, but account for over half of the murders. If you discount black murders and the black population from the US data, you get a murder rate right on par with most of Europe.

If you take just one US city with high black murder rates, Detroit Michigan, and somehow "give it to Canada", Canada's net murder rate would *equal* the US...that's how much the stats can get skewed by the murders in just one town.

Now, I'm not a racist. I don't believe this issue is caused by anything "innate". Rather, it's the result of "cultural damage" going on over 200 years - and continuing.

-------------------

Gun control in the US has always been directed primarily at minorities, especially blacks. Until fairly recently (1950s forward and even then spotty), black-on-black crime wasn't taken seriously at all; so long as no white bodies turned up, racist inner-city cops didn't care. The actual police slang term for violence in the black areas of town circa 1890 to well into the 20th century was "just another niggertown Saturday night" which is where the gun-banners get the term "Saturday night special" for low-end handguns. NOT an accident, that.

While gun control laws appeared to be written in a race-neutral fashion after the passage of the 14th Amendment of 1868, the reality was different. As Justice Buford of the Florida Supreme Court noted in a 1941 case involving a white guy *freed* despite packing without a carry permit put it:

"I know something of the history of this legislation. The original Act of 1893 was passed when there was a great influx of negro laborers in this State drawn here for the purpose of working in turpentine and lumber camps. The same condition existed when the Act was amended in 1901 and the Act was passed for the purpose of disarming the negro laborers and to thereby reduce the unlawful homicides that were prevalent in turpentine and saw-mill camps and to give the white citizens in sparsely settled areas a better feeling of security. The statute was never intended to be applied to the white population and in practice has never been so applied." - Watson v. Stone, 4 So.2d 700, 703 (Fla. 1941) from Clayton Cramer's "Racist Roots Of Gun Control":
http://www.law.ukans.edu/jrnl/cramer.htm

(Note: Buford partially lied. What happened in 1893 was that a Klan raiding party tried to hit a black township just outside of Gainsville. The "brothas" shot the bejeezus out of 'em with leverguns and revolvers (yea!). Guess which guns were specifically targeted for permits in Florida in 1893? Yup. Leverguns and revolvers.)

So here's what's happening today: the cities with the highest black populations also have the heaviest gun control: New York, Boston, Washington DC, Chicago, Los Angeles and similar, and until very recently (2001) Detroit. The cities with the least gun control such as Dallas, Seattle, Portland OR and similar have the lowest minority populations.

You think this is an *accident*?

When gun control is enforced in a poverty-stricken area, the result is to provide criminals with easy LOCAL access to unarmed victims. When Florida reformed their gun control in 1987 and allowed anybody able to pass a background check and training to pack on the street, the state average percent of such "packers" was the typical 3% or so, but in inner-city Miami people locked'n'loaded at a greater rate, up to about 15% in some areas. That drove the criminals out and for a while they preyed on tourists until renta-car bumper stickers and other insignia was outlawed. (Got that? They protected the tourists by blending them in with the armed population. Other than that one issue, crime has dropped steadily in FL since '87.)

Want hard stats? Here's a breakdown of the number of gun carry permits issued in each California county in 1997, and a racial breakdown of the counties. The data is crystal clear: if you live in a county with less than the state average black population (6.7%), your odds of having a permit in your pocket and a gun legally concealed is FIVE TIMES HIGHER than the residents of the "blacker counties" (regardless of your race). A five to one disparity ain't accidental: http://www.equalccw.com/ccwdata.html

Or take Fresno County: in 1995, the Fresno Bee newspaper got ahold of the list of all 2,500 permitholders. They sorted out what percent had Latino surnames: 3%. The county is FOURTY FOUR PERCENT HISPANIC per US census data!!! The unedited article:
http://www.equalccw.com/fresno.html

Gun control isn't the solution. IT'S THE CORE OF THE PROBLEM. Well, admittedly, one core - the other is the idiotic "drug war", see also the movie "Traffic" for all that needs to be said on that one. The various drug bans ALSO started out as "minority control" in the 1930s plus they needed to give the former Revenuers something to do (sheesh).

End the drug war, you yank the money to the gangs and remove the "greed factor" (turf wars, etc.). End gun control, you allow the honest people still in the "hood" to complain about crime, work with the police and in general help restore order as responsible adults, instead of the "I didn't see 'nuthin" of scared sheeple.

Jim March
Equal Rights for CCW Home Page
http://www.equalccw.com

Posted by: Jim March on May 26, 2003 08:54 PM

Thanks a lot guys! This helped me in my article for a major issue in the Netherlands! Thanks a lot, of coarse i cited the site...

Posted by: MES White Sox 3 on October 26, 2003 07:05 PM
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